Additionally, In His Book “Distinction,” Bourdieu Discusses

Additionally, in his book â€Å"Distinction,† Bourdieu discusses cultural capital and the way people use classes of classifications while classifying one another. As habitus, fields and cultural capital develop distinct of different class factions within social spaces, of the â€Å"sacred† sphere of culture that legitimates social order. Therefore, people undoubtedly know their place within society as well quickly identify other individuals who are within their class are other factions of society that are not parts of the upper class via their pretentious actions. (p. 6-7). According to Bourdieu, Class â€Å"is not defined by real property† but is determined by the structure of relations between values art, social graces and other resources, that the†¦show more content†¦Chakrabarty Vs. Gramsci: In his book â€Å"Provincializing Europe: Postcolonial Thought and Historical Difference† author Dipesh Chakrabarty not totalizing as he feels it is impor tant that the race, history, and practices of different localities disrupt the totalizing thrust of capitalism. Postcolonial thought and ideologies via â€Å"Totalizing† history as only a European experience and development of capitalism does not allow for human diversity and does not acknowledge that various cultural histories are part of and continue to modify current history. Thus, one must also incorporate the subjective human experience of other races and cultures into history and the development of capitalism and vice versa (p.22). In chapter two of â€Å"Provincializing Europe,† Chakrabarty recognizes the diversity of human experience and describes the experiences of political modernity in India and other races as different from Eurocentric experience. He asserts we must question â€Å"historicism† as an idea thus suggesting that to â€Å"understand anything it has to be understood as a whole via its historical development† (6). Thus, the totalizin g theory makes society blind to how local knowledge, different races, and cultures are essential in the development of history. Developing a distinction Marx made between the two kinds of history, Chakrabarty says History 1 is defined as the history of capitalism,

The Post Human Architectural Body Free Essays

string(116) " is precisely where the Post human organic structure comes into treatment, as the following measure of development\." The PostHuman Architectural Body Visible Hope for the Invisible Re-birth This pronunciamento is a verbal articulation of the airy theory of how the human organic structure, architecture, and creativeness define and prolong one another: It’s an analysis of this radical work by creative persons and designers who want to show the inter-connectedness of advanced architectural design, the poetic procedure, and their philosophical enquiry. It’s the relationship between architecture and the human organic structure. It’s the development of the analogy of the human organic structure and its extrapolation. We will write a custom essay sample on The Post Human Architectural Body or any similar topic only for you Order Now By prosecuting with the station homo we are constructing on the cardinal measure based on architecture and theory, we are making this analogy between the human organic structure and the architectural being. Some may inquire â€Å"Why is the human organic structure so of import as a mention and a criterion for architecture? † Because the human organic structure it is meant to be a creative activity coming out of imitation of God. The perfect proportions and dimensions should be the contemplation of God’s perfectionism. Perfection of creative activity, flawlessness of nature. Worlds aim is to go such a Godhead as good, as perfect, as God. We might no longer mention to god when it comes to the human organic structure, and at the same clip the architectural organic structure itself, but we still refer to nature, because seemingly worlds can non make something from abrasion, so we use nature, as we still believe that there is batch to larn from naturel. To understand the mechanics of nature, how flowers, organic structures, animate beings work. Nature is still there for us as a large criterion for us to copy to imitate, to larn from, ever through scientific find. Even though th e concluding purpose as human existences is to get the better of nature, we ever base what we do or larn upon nature. We start from this analogy, from the flawlessness of the organic structure as an being and hence the flawlessness of architecture as a contemplation of this relationship to discourse how this relationship is disrupted. In the first topographic point because of the organic structure is disrupted through something occurrence, in this instance through technology’s abuse and maltreatment. What it implied in this undertaking is that in first topographic point the merchandise from now on is non good. Although the thought was that engineering was supposed to supply a merchandise that’s perfect, now we come to see that it’s non. We deconstructed the thought of advancement to see what is incorrect with this advancement. How advancement is impacting back the flawlessness of the organic structure or is impacting back this analogy of the organic structure and architecture? The â€Å"Post human† is about this analysis. Deconstructing the thought of ruling the universe through the thought of eternal additive patterned advance towards the hereafter, because it’s already change by reversaling upon itself. Puting into inquiry even the really rudimentss in architecture which is the analogy of the organic structure. The edifice is supposed to be a perfect integrating of circulation and map. If we are non perfect so why should we construct perfect edifices, perfect universes, for what? For perfect human existences that DO NOT exists? Possibly we need an imperfect universe to suit the imperfectness of what we going to be. These are the philosophical deductions discussed, researched and analyzed within this thesis undertaking. A cogent evidence that architecture is non merely a precipitate of applications taken from another field, but an rational subject look intoing the really kernel of human existences. Who we are, what we will go. Thehistory of architecturetraces the alterations inarchitecturethrough assorted traditions, parts, overarching stylistic tendencies, and day of the months. Time periods and manners flow together, sometimes unifying contradictory thoughts, sometimes contriving new attacks, and frequently re-awakening and re-inventing older motions. Dates are ever approximative: Architecture is a unstable art. Analyzing architecture requires a comprehensive position of the edifice, which is analyzing its historical, spiritual, societal, and functional facets ; for beyond utile intents the building of edifices reflects the scientific, spiritual, societal and philosophical worldview of each period. This is merely an branch of the doctrine of the times, which believed that scientific discipline would repair all the wrongs of the universe. The modern motion celebrated these new engineerings, stressing the simpleness, efficiency and velocity of them. There is ever more information about modern-day civilizations and architectural manners than historical 1s, nevertheless, without critical clip to distance oneself from the present province of personal businesss it is ever difficult to state what the nature of the present truly is. As such, it is of import to maintain an unfastened head – peculiarly about recent developments – and ever see the possibility of radically different hereafter positions. A repetition phenomenon in the history of architecture every bit good as in the history of art is the oscillation between antonyms: betweenrationalismand emotion, the imitation of nature and its absence, ornament andpure signifiers. The intent is to interrupt the built-in structural association among degrees of senses in the organic structure, to foreground the basic function of â€Å" organic structure † in acknowledgment of the universe, and to supply a theoretical footing for the displacement of focal point in architecture from the anomic position of pure ocular public presentation to human organic structure ‘s experiences. Furthermore, it besides opens up a new skyline for the invention with mention to the organic structure ‘s experiences and alterations. This normative organic structure is non an ideal organic structure based on T aesthetic merely values as it does non qualify anybody’s specific organic structure but to a certain extent composes an unapproachable province of regularity. Architecture it is measured within the instant frame of human patterned advance and, it is designed in order to pull strings such an development. In fact, the normative doctrine by taking an idyllic organic structure as an illustration, opposes the thought of the human development. This is precisely where the Post human organic structure comes into treatment, as the following measure of development. You read "The Post Human Architectural Body" in category "Essay examples" Posthuman epoch is already upon us, we are cyborgs: â€Å"not in the simply superficial sense of uniting flesh and wires, but in the more profound sense of being human-technology symbiots: thought and concluding systems whose heads and egos are spread across biological encephalon and non-biological systems† we will co-evolutionate in a future to a great extent populated with unreal agents. We are on a way to altering our genome in profound ways. Extreme human sweetening could ensue in â€Å"posthuman† manners of being. Posthumanism chiefly differentiates from classical humanitarianism in that it restores the stature that had been made of humanity to one of many natural species. Harmonizing to this claim, worlds have no built-in rights to destruct nature or put themselves above it in ethical considerations a priori. Human cognition is besides reduced to a less controlling place, antecedently seen as the specifying facet of the universe. The restrictions and fallibility of human intelligence are confessed, even though it does non connote abandoning the rational tradition of humanitarianism. Posthumanism has a much stronger critical border trying to develop through enactment new apprehensions of the ego and other, kernel, consciousness, intelligence, ground, bureau, familiarity, life, incarnation, individuality and the organic structure. The undertaking seeks to inquiry and research the function of the physical built environment as we move towards what is likely to go an progressively non-physical age. The undertaking explores the relationship between our architectural environments and the dichotomy of the head and organic structure that experiences them ; a inquiry which is peculiarly pertinent in the current epoch where we already inhabit multiple worlds and project our sense of ego into practical environments ; busying multiple locations at the same time through disembodied presence. The end is making a new and better universe through a centrally imposed vision. The human desire to get new capacities is every bit ancient as our species itself. We have ever sought to spread out the boundaries of our being, be it socially, geographically, or mentally. There is a inclination in at least some persons ever to seek for a manner around every obstruction and restriction to human life and felicity. The architecture that we besides consume in a province of indifference, seldom gives us such esthesiss. We therefore need to bring forth a sort of architecture that forces us non much to look up to it from afar, but instead to be engaged with our organic structures, with all our senses. It could, by ask foring us to allow us travel, take our breath off, ensnare us, and drama with our emotions. More significantly, architecture demands to dispute those who approach the architectural object and are about to entree it non merely through their sight, at a distance, but with their ain organic structure. In the postwar epoch, many optimistic futurists who had become leery of jointly orchestrated societal alteration found a new place for their hopes in scientific and technological advancement. Space travel, medical specialty, and computing machines seemed to offer a way to a better universe. The displacement of attending besides reflected the breathtaking gait of development in these Fieldss. Science had begun to catch up with guess. Writers such as Arthur C. Clarke, Isaac Asimov, Robert Heinlein, and Stanislaw Lem explored how technological development could come to deeply change the human status. Although presently a scientific discipline fiction, we – the human race – are on the cusp of human familial technology. Worlds have altered the genomes of species for 1000s of old ages through unreal choice. Over the past 40 old ages scientists have made astonishing technological advancement to better nature’s harvests and mammals through familial alterations ; but at the same clip the opposite occurred every bit good. This engineering did non merely improved the human race but made it worst or made it different, alteration it To modify nature is our nature. In believing through the development of the undertaking I set up a narrative that ties into future aspirations of the metropolis [ Kiev ] , post-human hereafters, and biotechnical amalgamations. The undertaking is trying to accomplish an architecture which would put on climaxing from the amalgamation of biological science and engineering where body/building and biology/technology prostration. Following the development of the staging and the procedures which would take to its building, the programmatic variety meats will be discussed in more item every bit good as its relationship to the human and ecology. The site becomes a dataspace as information within the bing context near the site is recorded and processed leting simulations to be projected in real-time through the ambiance. The site chosen is Kiev-Ukraine, a site with a strong yesteryear, a site that is presently traveling through war, a site which suffered a batch but still manages to maintain its beauty through its agony. The thought is to go to the hereafter. By holding Post-humanism as methodological analysis and construct, I researched and analyzed a site that experienced radiation onslaughts ( Chernobyl ) and War. How the site got over all these and how it looks now ( even how it will in the hereafter ) with the influence of post-humanity and trans-humanism, but most significantly with the influence of human/technology breaks. As human existences drew farther off from the physical they dropped out for a digitally enhanced being. Bodies become non bred but built. Organs, limbs, and memories all replaced, manipulated and hijacked as they faded. A post-human being will be created as organic structure and civilization no longer are recognizable from their ascendant opposite numbers. As human life is prolonged through the replacing of neglecting organic structure parts, alteration is non optional. Peoples begin to populate above the one time vivacious metropoliss in cods that grew like viruses across the metropolis to maintain up with the demand of those willingly stop uping into a web where they could experience a greater connexion with the multitudes plugged in. My work trades with the Ukrainian human status throughout the epoch of my site and the hunt for the roots of what changes the human status in every human being that lived at that place. To understand that alteration, I had to understand what causes it and accept it. The Post-human Body undertaking starts with one of the smallest elements of the human organic structure ; its Deoxyribonucleic acid and in the concluding chapter it reaches the infinite alteration. I progressively felt like a scientist gazing through his microscope, whizzing in closer and closer to bring out the truth and to understand it. This undertaking is sub-divided into 5 chapters. As mentioned above, the first chapter focuses on the Deoxyribonucleic acid and its familial memory. The latter is linked to our hereditary memory. The experiences and memories of our ascendants are hidden in our Deoxyribonucleic acid and now and so they surface in our dreams and real-life minutes. The 2nd chapter focuses on the great metabolisms. Throughout our lives, from the really get downing until we die, we are exposed to exterior influences that continuously shape us into the human existences we are. Choice is an of import factor here, as we can make up one’s mind what is good or evil, o n what we expose ourselves and what non ( mentally and physically ) , but our milieus can act upon us and our judgement greatly so the boundary between the two becomes diffuse. The following subdivision, chapter 3, has more focal point on the organic structure as a whole than on its Deoxyribonucleic acid. Basically our physical and mental signifiers are two separate universes that merge in this world. Our organic structures are nil more than bubbles of tegument, musculus, bone, variety meats, blood, DNA, etc. Chapter 3 purposes to research profoundly the organic structure from a bantam cell to the whole mass that makes it a organic structure. The 4th chapter focuses on society and faith. Society plays a major function in how we see world and it transforms and shifts the boundary between alterations in the universe and environment we live within every bit good as frequently overcasting our judgement. Greed and control of the multitudes are evidently powerful enticements. But â€Å" alteration † is non ever acceptable by our society and the faith. What makes an visual aspect, a fragment psyche or organic structure, a changed homo being – accepta ble in a society! Who identifies and controls what the word â€Å" Acceptable † stands for. And in conclusion, in the fifth and concluding chapter, we view the hereafter of the human signifier, from outer infinite. Here I strive to go forth the earthly signifier behind and visualise transcendency into something more abstract and beyond human. Making the new â€Å" alteration † and taking it a measure frontward, for the new universe that is about to populate, for the new universe that needs to accept the new changed beauty. 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Leadership Research and Leadership Studies †MyAssignmenthelp.com

Question: Discuss about the Leadership Research and Leadership Studies. Answer: Introduction Amazon.com, Inc. is a company that deals in electronic business and cloud computing. It was founded in July 1994 by Jeff Bezos. The company is based in The USA, Seatale, Washington DC. Amazon is a tech giant and by market capitalization and revenue, it is the top internet retailer and in terms of overall sales, it is second with Alibaba toping. Its online website started as a bookstore but currently it has been diversifie to selling electronics, furniture, jewellery, food stuffs, audio, video and sofwares etc. Under its brand Amazon basics, it also deals in products that are low-ends. By the end of 2014, the online shopping company had 566, 000 employees. According to Carr (2017), mission statements should push organizations/ companies to accomplish their desired success in business. The business success is accredited to the mission and vision statements. Its mission statement and vision is to be earth's most customer-centric company; to build a place where people can come to find an d discover anything they might want to buy online. An organizations success should be contributed to their resolute obligation and consistent execution of their mission and vision. An organizations value guides the organization actions and their perspectives and in turn guides and aids in describing its culture and beliefs (Jagelman, 2005). Values assist in confronting issues or problems. Amazons have values which also double up as their principles. These include; Customer obsession, Ownership, Hire and develop the best, Think big, Invent and simplify, Frugality, Bias for action, Dive deep, Vocal self-critical, Insist on the highest standards, ackbone and Deliver Results. Through putting down values, Amazon lays out its various expectations for its members. Organisations culture are the organizations underlying values, beliefs and assumptions that contributes to their distinct psychological and social work environment (Ovide, 2018). Amazon has pride in its organization having a reputation of working hard. According to DuBrin et. al, (2005), notes that Amazon has a culture that works incredibly hard. Their expectations and standards are described from their phrase unreasonably high. Change Initiative Change in businesses or organizations advances through little and imperceptible movement. Carr (2017) notes that in firms is normally in nature, change is evolutionary until it reaches a crisis moment that results into a paradigm shift. It is sometimes vital to push the evolutionary process to be able to go for extra rapid change. Change in dysfunctional cultures is an uphill task since its is not easily accepted and thats where good leadership should be incorporated. Organizations that have their leaders adjust to environmental change at the end survive and flourish just like Amazon.com, Inc. The leaders at Amazon have been in a position to change online shopping models due to change in competition and business environment. The leaders at the organization jolted the process of evolutionary change. Ovide (2017) asserts that change is a toll for adjusting to survival. Amazon launched as in 1994 as a model for selling books, through their leaders the company took an approach and identified their customers needs. They worked in a backward manner to to employ new ways to distribute their products and services.Such changes philosophy was based on listening to their customers will lead to failure and not listening will achieve similar results. To respond to changing environment, the company founded a strategy of selling their merchandize over the internet through external networks. They intern converted their competitors into partners who have aided them increasing their customer base via extended product lines Carr (2017). The change for Amazon seemed easy and was aided by a number of factors which include the organizations culture being open to change and the online shopping model was radical. For amazon, the market have responded kindly. To achieve results to nge initiative, the organizations leaders need to manage employee responses, sell change right and use emotional contagion Ovide (2017). Leadership styles and philosophies Jeff Bezo the founder of Amazon.com, Inc relevance in business has been forged through his transformational leadership. Transformational leadership entails instigating change in organizations or firms or businesses, oneself and others (Yi-Feng, 2011). Such leaders always motivate others to go an extra mile than they intended and thought was possible. Such leaders set expectations that are challenging but accomplish a higher performance at the end. Bezos leadership is believed to have followers who are satisfied and committed because such leaders majorly empower their followers. Through Amazons growth it is evident that the leader have abilities of inspiring, envisioning and innovating. The three metrics of transformational leaders are, core repositioning, financial performance and net growth (Miska Mendenhall, 2018). Through core repositioning, organizations in new growth businesses. Amazon has been able to increase its platforms in retails into new categories such as streaming content and food. In net growth, it has been fruitful in creating new products, services and business models. Through financial performance, it has improved its profit growth. At Amazon apart from transformational leadership, other leadership styles are depicted especially from the founder Jeff Bezo. Autocratic leadership is portrayed since in most cases the founder monitors different operations/ activities on his own. Autocratic leadership is focused on the boss who holds all authority and responsibility according to (Bryant, 2017). He also posses strategic leadership as he has delivered exceptional strategies that has made the business to be successful. Team leadership style is also painted because he is in a position to give direction and purpose for the business. Team leadership entailed in the organizations vision that provides a vivid sense of purpose plus direction Being a leader in todays fast-paced business world and workplace have extra demands. It entails working with varied teams at times from different locations and time zones. Ospina (2017) points out that, while there are numerous leadership styles, those who are best share common traits. Organizations that have proved to be sustainable and successful have their leader having traits of a successful and powerful leader. At Amazon the key leader Bezo posseses a number of leadership traits. Innovative mind is one of them in that he has been capable of developing a largely renowned e-commerce website. Bezos innovative skills has proved that he is angry of always developing new things like Kindle an E-book device. Gyanchandani (2017) points out that leaders must encourage creativity through encouraging risk experimentation. The leader is also strategically patient but also defensively impatient which is seen in the organizations vision and through the phases the organization has undergone from startup to the current state. Building a team is an effective trait where by the leader admits that it is challenging to invent in the absence of underlying tools. Leaders effectiveness in attending to tasks and relationships Businesses that have been successful have had their leaders having leadership traits of successful and influential leaders. There is also discussion on leadership in the organization creating and maintaining their vision, and their effectiveness in managing conducive environment during the change process. Accomplishing success at the organization, the leaders highlighted how to use suitable tools and techniques to flourish. Human skills enable the use of knowledge and ability to work with various individuals and being aware of their perspectives to accomplish organizations vision. Promoting teamwork is vital to achieving organizational goals, effective communication and nurturing innovation. Perserverance through adversities is a trait that leaders at Amazon posses due to commitment to the organizations vision. The organization has faced challenges and their coonvictions have shown to be great e.g. Bezo noted that he had lost billions of dollar sin projects that failed. Bezo is a risk taker in that through making up his mind to start Amazon, he didnt have sufficient funds and new that there were chances of failing but he persevered and today the organization is among the most successful businesses. Jackson (2017) denotes that best leaders not only are risk takers and have confidence and when challenged, their possibility of giving in is close to impossible. Leaders who come up with the organizations vision always exhibit qualities that make them have the capability of creating and communicating the vision. Vision created should be inclusive to be able to unify their customers. Amazons vision is inclusive in that it targets building platform where its customers find or discover what they need online. The leaders were also able to create a vision that has clarity. Making visions that are easily understood is significant in promoting the organizations brand which reflects in its success. Having a clear vision for the future in a business, distinguishing and being able to take advantage of market opportunities and establishing strong leadership enables it to be upheld (Hoch, 203). Companies that have been successful have had their success attributed to innovation and upholding their vision. At Amazon, the leadership has been capable of maintaining the organizations vision in a number of ways. The company focuses on their customers through innovation and thinking big and thats where there effort is placed. Through stating that they are customer centric indicated that their main focus are their customers through solving customers problems and meeting their need. Cooper, Nieberding and Wanek (2013) demote that the better an organization,s customer service, the better the sales through customer loyalty. The company through their vision build their cutomers an electronic soulmate on their goal of tailored product recommendations. Maintenance of trust, confidence, ethical and legal behaviours Transformational leadership depicted at Amazon entails transformational leadership principles such as motivation, determination, mobilization, innovation and facilitation. In amazons innovations since its foundation has been consistent due to trust that they incorporate in their innovations. Confidence must go on par with risk during innovations which involves a lot of experimenting (Bligh, Pearce, and Kohles, 2006). Transformational leadership metrics such as net growth and core repositioning as noted by Jung and Valero (2015), requires ethics and trust for the metrics to be visible. Amazon has enjoyed the fruits of success through its evolution, which has been due to its strategic leadership style. The exclusive strategies are attained through their employees having trust in their employer. Their customers develop confidence in the products due to the strategic leadership employed. Through strategic leadership, the organization has a policy against discrimination and harassment. Am azon provides equal opportunities in all employment aspects and doesnt allow harassment or discrimination of its employees. Such organizations conducts entails ethics which are achieved through proper leadership. Amazon also posses autocratic leadership where most decisions are made at the top leadership, Amazon acquired Whole foods. This brought it into an interesting problem in the USA antitrust law. It portrays both legal and ethical conducts in its leadership styles. While change is inevitable, various organizations handle it differently and institutions that involves one person, barriers to change normally arise. The organisations employees will act differently to change as some are enthusiastic and will embrace it, others are fearful and most likely will resist (Suk Bong, Kihwan Seung-Wan, 2017). Employee involvement is significant in dealing with barriers to change. It should also include employee den making in order to make them feel valued and have possession in the change result. It is a method that averts too much feedback after change which might cause paralysis. Excellent leadership is required I handling change. Avolio (2014) asserts that excellent leadership on how to execute plans appropriately and good leaders provide focus and motivate for the change. Effective communication also prevent change barriers. It assists in initiating acceptance among the employees and customers. As much as employees need to know bout the change, they al so should be aware of its effects. The organization can ensure that their processes arent complex to make planning and implementation processes easier. Organizatinion complexity can be broken by utilizing a highly effective, quality and diligent change and project management approach. Working in small doses aids in managing change barriers because it doesnt overload employees with instant changes. It makes them focus on easy and digestable chunks knowing that more is on the way. Conflict arises in organization due to change and it is inevitable and in most cases employees or customers are never prepared to handle it. It takes careful strategies to ensure that the impact is not felt or barred completely. Conflicts can easily be dealt with by getting to its root issue, considering all, the parties that are involved and having those involved create a resolution protocol. Handling one issue at a time, timing the conflict and avoiding it also is important. Leaders effectiveness in establishing and maintaining a constructive climate through change process Taking market leadership risks creates conducive environment for the change process. It is in this line that it took Amazon.com, Inc to get its core business transactions from where it was to its current status. At first the company tried Amazon auctions, it then changed to zShops and finally to Amazon Market place. Kohn and OConnel (2007) denotes that invention and failure cant be separated and invention involves experimentation which entails taking risks and good leadership. When employees are made to think like the business owners, then it creates a motivating climate in the work environment. Amazons leadership has been able to attract and retain employees who are motivated and its bonuses and profit sharing enable workers contribute in the companys success. The leadership at the organization has created a culture that is right for the company. The organization never claims hat an approach that they come up with is theirs. A company must not be about a set of goals, but be able to decide on what matters or projects are important be able to repeat them. They should also ensure that employees and customers buys in the important projects or matters. Leaders avoiding bureaucracy create conducive environment through change by empowering people.Comtinuous empowerment results into averting bureaucracy as pointed out by Cole (2012), and to keep innovating, power should be pushed down in the organization. Conclusion Amazon.com, Inc leadership has brought it great success through online shopping idea. Through their leadership skills, the leaders at the organization have used their knowledge and competencies to achieve the organizations vision. Amazons founder Bezo over the years have been able to understand their customers needs. Its with the understanding the top leadership that it has been in a position to transform the organization to focus on its customers needs. Success at the company is attributed to essential leadership skills which include technical kills,conceptual skills and human kills. Bezos clearly highlighted how to use suitable tools and techniques to flourish. Human skills enable use of knowledge and ability to work with various individuals and being aware of their perspectives. Most of the leaders skills were ability to use concepts and skills to work that are key in creating a strategic plan and vision for the organization. The leadership from the organization have high expectat ion from their employees. This has created a more so efficient machine that is capable of making same day deliveries across USA and other parts of the globe. The leadership has a belief that customer is the king making them to centre they focus on what their customers need or what they arent in need of. It is important to note that , effective leaders impact their business effectiveness by inspiring and motivating their workforce. Employees who are loyal and committed expect provision of clear vision from their leadership. References Avolio, B. J. (2014). Examining leadership and organizational behavior across the boundaries of science.Consulting Psychology Journal: Practice And Research,66(4), 288-292. doi:10.1037/cpb0000017 Bligh, M. C., Pearce, C. L., Kohles, J. C. (2006). The importance of self- and shared leadership in team based knowledge work: A meso-level model of leadership dynamics. Journal of Managerial Psychology, 21, 296318. Bryant, A. (2017). The Business of Leadership.Camping Magazine,90(1), 30-33. Carr, A. (2017). The Future Of Retail In The Age Of Amazon.Fast Company, (221), 94-114. Cole, L. (2012). Management: Theory and practice (5e). NSW, Australia. Pearson Australia. Cooper, S. E., Nieberding, A. O., Wanek, R. A. (2013). Successfully restructuring an executive leadership team: A case study in change management.Consulting Psychology Journal: Practice And Research,65(2), 164-175. doi:10.1037/a0033610 DuBrin, A.J, Dalglish, C., Miller, P. (2005) leadership: Secoond Asia Pacific Edition. QLD. John Wiley Sons Australia, Ltd. Gyanchandani, R. (2017). The Effect of Transformational Leadership Style on Team Performance in IT Sector.IUP Journal Of Soft Skills,11(3), 29-44. Hoch, J. E. (2013). Shared leadership and innovation: The role of vertical leadership and employee integrity. Journal of Business and Psychology, 28, 159174. Jackson, T. (2017). Review of Becoming a strategic leader.The Psychologist-Manager Journal,20(4), 288-294. doi:10.1037/mgr0000062 Jagelman, I. (2005). The L factor: Identifying and developing Christian leaders. Cambridge. Open Book Publishers. Jung, K., Valero, J. N. (2015). Understanding and Meeting the Needs of Those Whom They Lead.Public Administration Review,75(5), 773-775. doi:10.1111/puar.12427 Kohn, S., OConnel, V. (2007). 6 habits of high effective teams. New Jersy. Career Press. Miska, C. C., Mendenhall, M. M. (2018). Responsible Leadership: A Mapping of Extant Research and Future Directions.Journal Of Business Ethics,148(1), 117-134. Ospina, S. M. (2017). Collective Leadership and Context in Public Administration: Bridging Public Leadership Research and Leadership Studies.Public Administration Review,77(2), 275-287. Ovide, S. (2018). Amazon's Bottomless Appetite.Bloomberg Businessweek, (4562), 50-53. Suk Bong, C., Kihwan, K., Seung-Wan, K. (2017). Effects Of Transformational And Shared Leadership Styles On Employees' Perception Of Team Effectiveness.Social Behavior Personality: An International Journal,45(3), 377-386. Yi-Feng, Y. (2011). Leadership And Change Commitment In The Life Insurance Service Context In Taiwan: The Mediating-Moderating Role Of Job Satisfaction.Perceptual Motor Skills,112(3), 889-914.

Last Night I Dreamed of Peace book

Dang Thuy Tram’s masterpiece Last Night I Dreamed of Peace is a captivating informative chef-d’oeuvre that demonstrates the author’s love for her country based on the sorrowful situation that the country is undergoing.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Last Night I Dreamed of Peace book specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More As young as 23 years, she associates with the communists’ party in her quest to ensure that the Vietnamese people do not encounter the same situation (National Library Board Para. 3). Love and idealism, as well as the sense of shared humanity, all of which form part of today famous subjects, are crucial lessons with roots in Tram’s work. Tram makes the decision to go to South Vietnam because of her love and youthful idealism that she has for her kindred. Despite the deadly circumstances and appalling conditions that her patients undergo, she opts to make the dreadfu l decision. In spite of the fatal situation, she vows to sacrifice her own life to secure the lives of the patients who have faced attacks and injuries from the American soldiers. Her idealistic nature also plays a vital role in her decision to move to the South of Vietnam. She wishes to see her country in peace despite her age. She aligns herself with the communist party. It proves a tremendously difficult and trying time especially when the war rages on, kills, and destroys people without valid reasons. In fact, referring to the war, Tram says, â€Å"it spares no one, not a baby or an old woman, and the most hideous thing about it is the bloodthirsty Americans† (149). Therefore, Tram makes the choice of moving to South Vietnam to extend her hand in saving the lives of those injured. She also makes her decision to move to South Vietnam because of her spirited heart of humanity, love, longing for the end of the war and the sufferings subjected to the citizens of Vietnam. Her compassion and wish to see the war end also makes her risk her own life to go to the South of Vietnam. She wishes that the war and the fighting in South Vietnam ended to allow people to have their peace and unity. If Tram were alive to day, she would automatically qualify as one amongst the liberators and the heroes of Vietnam history, who assertively sacrificed, not only their time, money, and relationships, but also their own selves solely to cultivate freedom to the Vietnamese citizens. Though dead, Tram speaks volumes and volumes through the marks she left to the people of Vietnam. She has contributed significantly towards the making of the country’s history, as it stands today. It seems quite unfortunate that she succumbed to death at that tender age. Tram stands out as a liberator who, from the evidence of her diary and documentation, shows that she had a vision and a passionate concern to her country.Advertising Looking for essay on literature languages? Let's se e if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Furthermore, she is worth acknowledging based on her thought and wish for an end of the inhumanity and brutalities that people of Vietnam were facing. It proves rather sad as Tram expresses her sympathy and concerns by noting that the people of Vietnam remain subjected to invalid pains and sufferings despite their innocence. Therefore, Tram passes for a hero. If she could be alive, she could have gone in the records for understanding and having the courage to liberate the people of Vietnam from the unnecessary pains and killings (Guthrie Para. 3). She refers the Americans people to as merciless and thirsty of other people’s blood, descriptions that she notes bitterly and with sorrow. Therefore, in no doubt, Tram stands out as a true hero. Vietnamese people who enjoy the freedom of today remember and appreciate Tram’s tireless works by acknowledging the cost attached therein. It cost the lives o f protagonists such as Tram. Works Cited Guthrie, John. Last Night I Dream of Peace by Dang Thuy Tram, 2007. Web. National Library Board. Last Night I Dream of Peace: The Diary of Dang Thuy Tram,  2008. Web. Tram, Thuy. Last Night I Dream of Peace. New York: Random House, 2008. Print. This essay on Last Night I Dreamed of Peace book was written and submitted by user Paityn Cantu to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

advertising agency essays

advertising agency essays Advertising agency is a business that assists advertisers in all stages of the advertising process from account management and planning to message creation, media planning, and research (Bergh Advertising services can be defined as packages of activities that are offered to other companies and which concern the planning, production and or delivery of advertising. Advertising services are bought and designed to improve the purchasing companys performance and well-being (Wilson, 1982). Advertising is expected to influence the attitudes, intentions and behaviour of the clients customers and thus increase sales and contribute to the growth of the client company. The core of any service is linked to the benefit it offers to the buyers. Therefore in buying advertising services, companies are purchasing knowledge and creativity embodied in individual people. Creativity is the heart and soul of advertising services and consequently a vital resource in every business relationship (Halinen, p.28). The following are the characteristics of advertising agency: The advertising services acts, planning, production and delivery of advertising are all essentially intangible activities, despite the fact that the knowledge and creativity ...

Black or White

American society is portrayed in Michael Jackson’s song â€Å"Black or White. † Whereas the racism is defined as a superior behavior against other race-thus making it inferior, the singer refers to this term as â€Å"See, it’s not about races, just places, faces, where your blood comes from is where your space is. † Michael Jackson, one of the most influential artists in the music industry, calls for equality in how people view and behave towards each other. The question, which this master thesis investigates, does it matter if you’re black or white, is clearly answered by the singer: â€Å"It don’t matter if you’re black or white. † Jackson was trying to influence his society to act in a similar way and he calls for them to live their lives by Dr. Luther’s dream â€Å"†¦. judged not by the color of their skin, but by the content of their character. † However, almost thirty years later, it still seemed only as a dream because he sang: â€Å"I’m tired of this Devil†, where the bad is being represented by the prejudice. At the same time, he clearly states: â€Å"I’m not gonna spend my life being a color† – this is where he makes his conclusion. This can imply that even though he doesn’t discriminate and would like to see color prejudice gone, he is still being discriminated against. While being the most prominent artist in the music industry, he still calls himself â€Å"a color† and he rebuts against it and wants to be seen for the person he is and not the pigmentation of his skin. It is widely known that Michael Jackson had many facial plastic surgeries and it is controversial whether or not he altered his skin color by chemical peels or was it the disease called vitiligio that changed his face color to white. Therefore, it can be speculated that he modified skin to appear white, which ultimately is his vision. It can be further questioned – since Michael Jackon can’t win his struggle for racial equality, did he give up and go white – just to end his inner battle? Will all his suffering come to closure since now he looks white? Is this the true answer? It may be deemed as so since the skin color is the guide of one’s position in the society where being white claims supremacy-control and power. It should be noted that Michael Jackson is one of the greatest musicians of all times, having sold over 750 million records worldwide. He has accomplished so much in his life, yet still feels inferior and calls for racial equality in the world. His vision for a better world to live in, free of racism, ends on a sad note: â€Å"It’s black, it’s white†. To summarize, through decades, the blacks have fought to be equal, as the American nation shall guarantee those rights, yet, the society is still divided into the superior, the whites, and inferior- the blacks (and other people of color). Blacks have always been portrayed as the dirty, the poor, the lesser-of-a human type whereas the whites are seen as the dominant, the good type. Again, Jackson does not agree with this stereotype in saying: â€Å"I ain’t second to none. †Moreover, he claims that he will no longer be scared and mentions historical symbol of a KKK group: â€Å"I ain’t scared of your brother, I ain’t scared of no sheets. With his passing in 2009, many of his inner struggles come to the end, but will the next generation start working on being color-free as the king of pop envisioned? America has always struggled with racial issues, especially those of black and white. Some them included racial segregation, education, workforce, banking and even seating on the bus. Black people continuously tried to â€Å"break thru† into community, but were always pushed aside as dirty, poor and unwelcome. We, in modern times, see the United States of America as a country that treats everyone equal. Americans should all be all equal, no matter what race, color, religion or any other characteristics they have. After all, we all remember year 2009, which is when Americans elected their first African American President. Question that comes to mind – why â€Å"first African American President,† not just simply their 44th President? So – the race and color of your skin does matter in modern times. My analyses of selected books, academic journals, films and music video will concentrate and argue if Americans indeed discriminate against race or if it is history and no longer exists in American life. First, I would like to take into consideration the iconic Michael Jackson, one of the greatest, perhaps the greatest singer and performer of the 21st century. Not only his songs deserve a closer look, but also his lifestyle – ideas, fears and the public opinion. â€Å"Black or White† by Michael Jackson and Bill Bottrell is a one of the greatest singles in Michael’s career. It was released on November 11, 1991. What inspired Michael to particularly select these two topics? Black or white – as implied in the song, he sings about skin color. Songs starts in Africa, possibly showing Jackson’s â€Å"beginning† – he is black. In one of the scenes, Michael sings â€Å"I ain’t scared of no sheets; I ain’t scared of nobody† while he is walking through fire images – which is being compared to KKK and its torch ceremonies. Here, he is portraying his painful vision of KKK and its vision. Later, the performers sing â€Å"I’m not gonna spend my life being a color. † What a great statement. Michael, throughout his whole life and his career, shows us his inner and constant fight for a non-racial America. Being black himself, he had struggled and finally came to the top, but still did not achieve the level of happiness – which is â€Å"no color† in his country. Later, Jackson sings on Statue of Liberty’s torch, again possibly reminding us about the KKK, and at the same time – the Statue symbolizes liberty, which for him will be color-free, no discrimination America. We shouldn’t forget about Michael’s actions in this video. In the original version, he is smashing the car, windows and the inn exploded. However, later he had to edit this version to minimize his violent behavior, however. He altered it by adding four racial graffiti messages onto the windows that he was smashing. As I suggested earlier, Michael Jackson is portrayed as an angry black man who simply hates the discrimination against black people and shows his feelings by destroyed his surroundings, as he was being destroyed himself –just for being of black color. In is interesting to observe, the Jackson, when asked to change his destructive aggressive music video, he indeed did change it, but didn’t forget about this hostility towards discrimination. He had just portrayed it differently (graffiti). First message reads: â€Å"Hitler Lives,† then â€Å"Nigger Go Home,† â€Å"No More Wetbacks,† and finally â€Å"KKK Rules. † It can be argued if Michael Jackson is simply smashing windows with those painful ideas – is destroying them – to make a better world? Finally, the song comes from the album â€Å"Dangerous. † What did the author have in mind? Are all of those issues, painful experiences and the fight for non-colored America dangerous? It can be argued that yes. Jackson showed us the dangerous side of being black, where he was always forced to fight and that causes different sorts of trouble. In â€Å"Black or White,† Michael brilliantly portrayed two core problems people were facing daily: black or white. As we look at his lifestyle and constant metamorphoses, Michael Jackson had numerous surgeries that altered the color of his skin and make him â€Å"white. † It is very controversial as many sources quote that Jackson had a condition where one looses a pigment of his skin, called vitiligo. However, Michael Jackson public image is seen as a person who constantly tried to be white, therefore, sought surgeries to help him attain this goal. Michael Jackson shows us that it could have probably been easier to make himself white and not struggle for color-free America, where everyone is equal, no matter of who there are or what they look like. It would also be important to analyze some of the lyrics from Jackson’s music video. He sings: â€Å"I had to tell them I ain’t second to none. † It can be understood that he no longer is accepting the fact that black is â€Å"second,† which is worse, just because of the color. He continues: â€Å"And I told about equality† – he tells us he wants to be considered equal, despite his skin color. Next verse, he has really had enough of being pushed around because he is black â€Å"I am tired of this devil, I am tired of this stuff, I am tired of this business. † Finally, he talks about racism in: â€Å"See, it’s not about races, Just places, Faces, Where your blood, Comes from, Is where your space is, I’ve seen the bright, Get duller, I’m not going to spend, My life being a color. † Here Michael Jackson compares himself to simply being a â€Å"color. † He is less than a human being only because he is not white. He is â€Å"black. Again, he accents his refusal of living his life being black. He wants to be equal, equal to white. It should be also noted that throughout video, Michael Jackson is wearing black and white clothing (white shirt, black blazer, white accents on his right arm and nails, black shoes, white socks). He seems to be a person caught in a black-and-white world and struggles to change it, showing his pain. However, at the very end, he turns into a black panther. This transformation may symbolize him as a black man who will fight for his rights, yet, still remain black. In book â€Å"The Color of Credit: Mortgage Discrimination, Research Methodology, and Fair-Lending Enforcement† Stephen L. Ross and John Yinger present racial issues and argue the importance of skin color in banking. It should be noted that this book was published in 2002, year where we all think that American people are equal, especially on racial basis. Therefore, why and how does the skin color come into play in banking? First, the American lenders take many factors into consideration when disbursing the mortgage. Such factors include many details such as the creditor’s ability to repay the loan – where the lender accesses the potential risk of losing the loan. There are many different lenders and they base their information on statistics, demographics and make final decision based on the risk factors. Research showed that mainly blacks would seek loans, which are not favorable to all lenders. Therefore such bank does take race into consideration when reviewing for application for credit. It is also shown that blacks will most likely work with subprime lenders (44%) with comparison to whites (only 4%). Blacks generally cannot use the prime mortgage market due to their poor qualifications, thus creating the black to white ratio of getting the mortgage with figures of 2. 28 denial for prime market and 1. 27 for subprime. At the same time, limited research shows that blacks-even though have some qualifications as white – would remain in the subprime market and thus be charged higher fees. Equal Credit Opportunity Act says: It shall be unlawful for any creditor to discriminate against any applicant, with respect to any aspect of a credit transaction— n the basis of race, color, religion, national origin, sex or marital status, or age (provided the applicant has the capacity to contract). (U. S. Code Title 15, Chapter 41, Section 1691) This would mean that all people should be treated equally in banks, when doing business in banks, no discrimination in credit transaction. However, authors argue that the bank may take a different look at the person and who they are in â₠¬Å"business necessity† can be proved. Therefore, even while it is regulated by law, certain discriminatory practices can and do exist. Later, it would be rather hard to prove that the lender discriminated based for example on race. All regulations are not very clear and courts find it hard to find such a connection of discrimination. It is implied that blacks, with poorer ability to repay, living in lower income communities, must face subprime, expensive mortgages – to possibly make as much money as possible in the shortest time-so if the black borrower defaults on his payments, the lender wouldn’t lose its investment. This is to compare with the white borrower who lives in the richer-type setting, is more likely to meet his payments, therefore, he is offered a prime mortgage rate, without the necessity to further secure the loan. It can be argued if blacks and whites are treated equally, despite many regulations. On one hand, the lender must adhere to all necessary regulations, but on the other hand, such institution can make necessary decisions to make that mortgage profitable – thus, taking all factors into consideration in the application process. We can further analyze that race and color of skin does matter when one is being evaluated for such an application. It is believed that whites pose a lower risk to a financial institution than blacks. This also means, as authors point out, that black are less likely to be approved for a higher-priced home than a white person, which causes the real estate agents to discriminate and not show the more expensive houses to blacks. Maybe they don’t discriminate, they just know that lender is not likely to approve a black person in comparison to the same application of a white person? It is particularly important to note that authors point out that ‘‘on average, black mortgage applications have higher loan-to value and debt-to-income ratios than do white applications. ’’ In closing, it should be noted that while many regulations exist, there is no proof that racial discrimination has gone away and some research suggests that blacks still have lower approval rate in comparison to the whites. It is said that race does play a key role when the lender looks at your mortgage application.

Motivating Retired Workers Returning to Work Term Paper

Motivating Retired Workers Returning to Work - Term Paper Example According to Salatzar (1993), the retired workers have less ambition than the young workers and therefore are comfortable in the position they work for. Therefore these workers prove to be an asset for the company. Pearsall, a retired worker who rejoined the workforce have mentioned that experience in diverse subjects have assisted him to return to the workforce easily. However Cassidy, vice president for Concurrent Computers have mentioned that the biggest advantage of recruiting retired workers is that they have prior knowledge of the situation. Therefore if the situation happens to be something out of the usual the retired worker will have a higher chance of having prior experience about such situations and will be more at ease to handle the problem. There are several companies like Concurrent Computers that have preferred retired workers in their labor force. It is also necessary for many of the countries like United States to retain the aged people to their workforce because of their demographic nature. In 2002 the number of old people working or seeking work in United States was 62.9%. This is a result of the average age of the country which is very high. Apart from the need that arises due to the shortage in the workforce there is also a need of the retired people due to their expertise and skills in their profession. Moreover the average life span of the population in the developed countries has increased substantially and many people in the retiring age are perfectly healthy to work. Under such circumstances many of the companies and policy makers are looking for ideas to attract the retired workers back to the workforce. Motivations for the Retired Person Estimation by the United States Bureau of Labor Statistics show that more than one fourth of the country’s labor force would reach their age of retirement in 2010. This would lead to a huge shortfall in the labor force. Another estimate by the United States Census Bureau suggests that 73% of t he people in the population will have the age 55 or higher in 2020. It also suggests that the increase in the number of young workers in the labor force will be only 5% during the same time. Alan Price (2007, p 429) gives an estimate of 25% of the people in the workforce having an age of 50 or more in 2020. According to another statistic in 2030, 20% of the people in the country will have an age of 65 or higher. Under these circumstances it becomes imperative for the country to motivate the retired people back to their profession in order keep the economy going and sustain the targeted growth (Lockwood, 2003, p.3). Entrepreneurial efforts by the older people have doubles chances of success than the young people (Price, 2007, p.429). A survey was conducted by Metlife to comprehend the work pattern of the people after retirement. A number of people explained their motivation to return to the workforce. The survey showed that the motivation for returning to work varied according to age group. According to the people in their late sixties economic reasons were the main motivating factor for joining the workforce. It has often been seen after retirement the investments and the pensions are insufficient for the retired people to sustain their previous standard of living. Along with that perfect working capabilities

Cave of Forgotten Dreams Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Cave of Forgotten Dreams - Essay Example The French government took control of the cave and to protect its wealth and banned from general visitors. Mr. Herzog managed to get permission from the French government for himself and his crew to go with the researchers inside the cave to dig out the hidden secret of mankind. It was considered as a blast to go inside the cave and to see these images. When researcher and crew saw cave from inside they all were in same astonishing state of mind and seemed like they were deeply touched by the depiction on the walls of cave and in some cases they seemed like talking with eternally lost and dead souls. The painting of physical connection between early man and woman was of prime attraction. Sometimes the director drifts away from the caves and start tagging with perfumer who got ability to sniff and find his way out of the cave.   Archaeologists around the globe are in debate of the age of the cave on whether these Chauvet painting are before 30,000 BP or they are younger. A German archaeologist Chistian Zuchner believes that even if the caves are not that old as presumed still they are rich collection of cave art found anywhere in the world. The cave largely kept Mr. Herzog indulgence in the realm of the world of stories and

Advertising on a Global Scale Essay Example for Free

Advertising on a Global Scale Essay When a company, brand, or product is marketed within several countries, a significantly different approach to advertising must be made opposed to if it was only being sold within one country. A company’s awareness of the international advertising can greatly affect how well a product is accepted by its target audience and how well it sells. The most important aspect of global advertising is an understanding of culture. This involves considering the language barriers, the cultural significance of images and signs, and the applicability that a certain product may have within different countries. Addressing these three factors, overall, can help to increase the appeal of a product or service; and it is essential that companies realize that implementing a standardized method of advertising is not always the most effective way to enter a foreign market. There have been several debates in regards to the regulation of global advertising. Two contrasting statements have been made—one that suggests that advertising standardization is the most profitable approach to international marketing, and another that promotes localization. Those who support the standardization method â€Å"†¦argue that standardizing advertising can help maintain a uniform global strategy and image of the firm, maximize the firm’s cost advantage and meet a universal need of people across the world† (Zou and Volz 2010: 57). The adaption method, however, stresses that differences and barriers between cultures, spoken languages, historical contexts, and socio-economic factors between various countries affects the way in which advertising messages are perceived and translated. It is therefore does not make sense to implement only one form of advertisement that is meant to span a variety of countries and cultures, because one single campaign cannot apply and appeal to every market worldwide. Perhaps the arguments in favor of standardizing international campaigns, particularly the language that is being used, stems from the fact that English has become the dominant language in the world. The majority of advertisers and other people who work in the global marketing industry speak English, regardless of what is their country of origin; and it appears as if many advertisers are beginning to apply this theory to the consumers. Despite the widespread use of English and the fact that is the most commonly used language in advertising worldwide, the concept of advertising standardization has been widely criticized in favor of adaptation. It is somewhat hasty to assume, after all, that all people worldwide are fluent in English, simply because most of those working in the business sector happen to speak the language. What about those in smaller towns or non-Western countries such as Cairo, Egypt? Egyptians who work in the tourist or hospitality industry are likely to speak English, but many of the average citizens—who are all potential consumers—will not necessarily speak English or be able to understand the writing. Studies have also shown that the use of a local language tends to appeal more to those who live in the area, especially within countries that perceive their spoken and written language to be a valuable part of their culture. Hornikx, Van Meurs, and De Boer write that â€Å"†¦ads that appeal to important cultural values (such as independence in the United States or loyalty in Mexico) should be more persuasive than ads that appeal to relatively unimportant cultural values (such as loyalty in the United States or independence in Mexico)† (2010: 171). Empirical studies have also proven that ads using the local language and cultural values of a country tend to be favored as opposed to those with a standardized language and advertising message (Hornikx, Van Meurs, and De Boer 2010: 171). Although it is clear that language adaption is important, the preference that locals have for their language does not imply that advertisers should not use English in foreign countries. They simply need to use English in a way that is effective in conveying the message behind a campaign, and have an understanding of how the English language is perceived in each particular market they are trying to enter. Among Chinese consumers who frequently purchase upscale or luxury goods, global advertising, brands, and products tend to be preferred over domestic good. This is because in Chinese culture, in particular, â€Å"†¦global advertising elements are valued as signs or surrogates for status, cosmopolitanism, excitement, modernity, quality, technology, and beauty† (Zou and Belk 2004: 71). If advertisers are going to use English, however, it is crucial that they simplify the language as much as possible in order to minimize the risk of misinterpretation. There is no point in using a standardized advertising campaign in China if nobody is going to understand what it says. In the Netherlands, the use of English slogans in advertising was also preferred to Dutch, so long as the slogans were easy to read and translate (Louhiala-Salminen and Rogerson-Revell 2010: 95). This shows how the use of English, in many countries, could actually be beneficial and profitable for a company; but since not all countries perceive English the same way, it is important for advertisers to understand how and English campaign will be accepted within their target market. English will not necessarily be preferred to the local language, nor will global brands necessarily be favored over domestic products— which proves that language adaptation should still be used in some situations as opposed to absolute language standardization. Along with deciding whether or not the local language should be used in an international advertising campaign, companies need to consider the visuals that they are using. What is the significance of the images within that culture? Could they possibly be negatively misinterpreted? What do the local consumers consider to be visually appealing? All of these factors, of course, differ between countries and cultures. Studies have shown that there is a significant difference between the way in which high-context cultures and low-context cultures interpret ads. These high-context cultures include China, Japan, the Mediterranean, and Arab nations, where a lot of information is left unspoken and messages are often coded. Low-context cultures, however, refer to the United States, Germany, the UK, and other Western European countries. In these countries, everything is relatively straight-forward and messages are made clear (An 2007: 307). An describes the findings from many studies, which all â€Å"†¦imply that the idea of employing advertising visuals that reflect the communication styles of a particular national market appears to be a promising strategy to effectively reach consumers around the world† (2007: 303). This suggests that multinational advertisers should seek to differentiate their visuals between Eastern and Western cultures if they wish to make a product or service appeal to the people. In the United States, for example, celebrities—from singers, to socialites, to athletes—dominate magazine pages, commercials, and billboards as the spokes models for various brands. This tends to attract the attention of the American public, as they recognize the celebrities and typically create a positive association between that celebrity and the product. In the Middle East, however, using a celebrity athlete to represent a box of cereal will not make that cereal appear any more appealing than if the box were blank. Advertisers, instead, must determine what will be visually pleasing to consumers in countries that have different values than those from more Western countries. In addition to finding what a will attract people in terms of advertising visuals, it is essential to be and respectful of cultural beliefs and customs. Consider countries in the Middle East, where Islam is a dominant part of society. This religion stresses modesty, especially amongst women. Kalliny et al describe how in countries such as Saudi Arabia, â€Å"†¦women are not allowed to walk in the streets with their faces uncovered†¦ [and there are] women wearing long clothing in 83 percent of Arabic magazine advertisements showing women, compared to the 29 percent in U. S. advertisements† (2008: 218). With female modesty being so important within certain cultures, it is extremely important that multinational advertisers be cautious about whether their visuals will be appropriate. It would not be a good choice, for example, for an advertiser to market a brand of women’s perfume in Saudi Arabia with an enormous billboard showing Britney Spears wearing a bikini and holding a bottle of perfume. This would be considered offensive and would not be beneficial for the popularity of a product. The Japanese cosmetics industry also presents an interesting example of the importance of visual marketing and how advertisers need to pay attention to what will efficiently sell a product. As the second largest market in the world in terms of cosmetics, it was estimated to be worth roughly 1. trillion yen back in 2003 (Barnes and Yamamoto 2008: 299). Research regarding what type of models Japanese women prefer in beauty campaigns indicated a surprising fact. Although white models are widely used in Japan, because they are considered to be the ideal form of beauty, Japanese women actually preferred to buy cosmetics that used Japanese models in the advertisements. Barnes and Yamamoto discuss how this is due to white models not being applicable to Japanese women in terms of physical beauty. The Japanese, for example, value fair complexions, while Westerners typically prefer tans. Additionally, â€Å"†¦since the Japanese facial structure is different from that of Westerners, they will not become similar in appearance if they use the same make-up as a Western model† (2008: 310). This proves how a choice of visual representation in an advertising campaign can greatly affect how a product is accepted within different countries, and how advertisers must adjust their images or models accordingly. As research within the Japanese beauty industry has shown, applicability is crucial in global advertising. If a product or service has no value, necessity, or appeal in a certain country, hen consumers will not purchase the product. An advertisement’s message and content, therefore, is important and can determine how much interest is generated amongst consumers. In one particular study involving 40 different advertising campaigns and 1200 consumers, the significance of content was examined. Van Den Putte states that the study indicates that â€Å"†¦after controlling for the effect of previous purchase behavior, the effect of message content strategy is generally larger than the effect of advertising expenditure† (2009: 669). This shows how it is not necessarily a campaign’s budget that determines the success of a product, but the message and content that it contains. Alcohol advertisements have been successful in tailoring their ads to suit the requirements of different countries and cultures. One example is the comparison of alcohol advertisements between the United Kingdom and Ukraine. Beefeater Dry Gin, a spirit brand that often appears in GQ magazine, markets their gin in Britain quite minimally. Their ad consists of a lime splashing into a bottle of gin, with the splash pattern forming the British flag. The slogan simply reads â€Å"Refreshingly London†, with one more line that says â€Å"Distilled in London since 1820† (Wolburg and Venger 2009: 15). That is all that is needed in order for British consumers to understand the product and find some sort of value in the liquor. In Ukraine, however, alcohol companies have to take a much different approach. Wolburg and Venger state that, because drinking has not been instilled as a cultural norm in Ukrainian society, â€Å"†¦marketers have had to educate Ukrainians about drinking various alcoholic beverages. Ads, magazine articles, and Web sites must not only teach Ukrainians how these drinks are prepared and consumed; they must also explain what makes certain brands authentic† (2009: 15). This involves the importance of cultural applicability—if alcohol advertisers do not understand the need to educate certain consumer markets about their product in detail, then consumers will not see a need for the product altogether. McDonalds has been one of the most successful companies in terms of launching their fast-food chains globally and adjusting their products and advertising campaigns to appeal to local consumers. In India, for example, many of the people do not eat beef; so to increase its appeal, McDonalds in India sells a lamb burger as part of its menu, and markets its fish fillet sandwich much more than it does in the United States. It also utilizes many small, local farmers and food suppliers in order to make the company seem more localized and appealing to the Indian consumer base (Sarin and Barrows 2005: 23). The original, American version of McDonalds would most likely have been unsuccessful in countries such as India if the company had not made some adjustments. If McDonalds in Indian maintained the same American menu, then the Indian public would undoubtedly not have been as accepting of the brand and its products. Not only was the company culturally sensitive to the dietary restrictions that many Indian people have due to religious meanings, but it also used local suppliers as an acculturation strategy. With a menu that conforms to the eating habits of India, along with the use of their own famers and suppliers, McDonalds has become well-adjusted to the global community and has effectively made itself applicable to a wide variety of cultures and consumers. Culture is the most important factor in any advertising campaign, regardless of its origin. Advertisers cannot simply use one campaign and expect it to be accepted, appealing, and applicable to every country. Standardization also forfeits the competitive edge that one brand may have over another if it is able to successfully integrate its product into a foreign market. Paying attention to the language, visuals, and significance of a product is essential in global advertising, and advertisers must alter their campaign in order to better suit the tastes and values of individual cultures.

Saddling High Levels of Debt :: essays research papers

Saddling High Levels of Debt During the 1970’s, the managers of Ling-Temco-Vought, Inc. (LTV)—manufacturers of aircraft and aircraft related electronics, borrowed heavily to exploit the advantage of financing operations with debt. At first the airlines were making profits; their operating income a lot higher than interest expenses. Unfortunately as the business cycle turned, the company was unable to continue making profits, reporting losses. Their expenses were a lot higher than their interest income. This burdened the company with a lot of debt, and hence pushed the company to the brink of bankruptcy. Airline manufacturing is one of the riskiest industries. The major cost of airline industries is money spent on research and development. Products of the aerospace industries are very expensive, a lot of money is spent on researching products that might not even leave the drawing board, even if the product finally leave the drawing boards, there is no guarantee that they will be bought. Furthermore their products are only bought when the economy is doing extremely well. This makes the aerospace manufacturing an extremely risky industry. The luxuries we enjoy today, for instance: cheaper and better air travel, would not be here, were it not for high risk taking by the airline-manufacturing administrators. In spite of the afore mentioned points, I still do not think that it is ethical for managers of Ling-Temco-Vought, Inc to saddle the company with a lot of debt. Financing business operations with debt, is a common business practice, but having high levels of debt is not good business practice at all. As a consequence of high levels of debt taken by the managers of Ling-Temco-Vought, Inc, people at the lower end of the ladder and investors are going to suffer a lot. When the Ling-Temco-Vought, Inc is pushed to the brink of bankruptcy the managers are going try to cut input cost, that means that people with skills that are easily acquired, will lose their jobs. Also people who invested in the company will lose a lot of money. It is unethical for the managers to take so much risk when they know that the chance of them losing their jobs or being affected in any form is very low. In conclusion, even though taking a lot of debt means more money is spent on research and development, and hence better products for the consumers in the long run (provided that the economy will be stable for a long period of time), I do not approve of what the managers of Ling-Temco-Vought, Inc are doing.

Human Euthanasia: Yes or No? Essay

Have you ever wanted to end it all? Many people who have chronic illnesses, such as cancer, would rather die than endure one more day of suffering. They want to die by assisted suicide, or euthanasia. Euthanasia should not be legal for many reasons. There have been drastic advances in medicine. Also, the decision making process can easily be compromised. There is major risk of abuse. Furthermore there are many religious issues. Lastly, if done incorrectly, euthanasia can fail, causing the person to suffer more. For example, drastic improvements have been made in the medicinal field. Doctors now have the power to save more lives than ever. â€Å"Using new medications, they can reduce the suffering of, or even cure a chronically ill human being† (Andre, Velasquez). Why should a person end his or her life if they can be cured of their disease? People who can be treated with medication should not be given the means to end their lives early. Hematologists and oncologists are exposed to terminally ill patients daily. A 1994 survey of physicians in Washington showed that these doctors opposed euthanasia most strongly. Psychiatrists were also surveyed. They had much less contact with the terminally ill, yet they strongly supported euthanasia (Boyko). This shows that those who are around these ill patients daily do not think euthanasia is a practical practice. Next, the decision making process can easily be compromised. If a patient is terminally ill, there is no way to know if they are thinking as they would if they were not sick. The patient may not know the exact situation he or she is in. â€Å"The patient needs to be capable of understanding the decision and its implications. The presence of depression is relevant if it is distorting rational decision making (Blank, Bonnickson 192). Also, a doctor could be pushing a patient to a choice, simply because the doctor no longer wants to care for that person. There are many variables for a person to consider, so legalizing euthanasia could cause many issues. Furthermore, there is major risk of abuse. If euthanasia is legalized, people would be able to abuse it easily. â€Å"Vulnerable patients could feel obligation to accept it [euthanasia] in order to reduce the burden on their families and caretakers† (Battin, Lipman 29). The abuse is not necessarily done by the patients. Families could easily pressure a person into choosing to be euthanized. Not wanting to cause more issues, the patient could simply agree to the decision others seem to have made (Andre, Velasquez). People who do not want to be responsible for someone else are likely to try and force that person into ending the responsibility. The decision to be euthanized needs to be 100% the patient’s idea, and there is no way to prove that would be the case. Additionally, there are many religious issues associated with euthanasia. â€Å"Arguments to prohibit assisted suicide on the grounds that only God gives life, so only God can take it away are equally relevant to euthanasia† (Tittle). The Roman Catholic Church believes that any form of suicide implies that the person is in charge of their body, when God is supposed to be (Declaration of Euthanasia). Article Five of the Fifth Commandment states: Suicide contradicts the natural inclination of the human being to preserve and perpetuate his life. It is gravely contrary to the just love of self. It likewise offends love of the neighbor because it unjustly breaks the ties of solidarity with family, nation, and other human societies to which we continue to have obligations. Suicide is contrary to love for the living God. Christianity is just one of the many religions that opposes suicide, assisted or unassisted. Finally, if done incorrectly, euthanasia can be ineffective, causing a patient more suffering. If someone is injected with too little morphine, the most popular form of euthanasia, major brain damage can occur (Battin). If this were to happen, the families of these patients, not to mention the patients themselves, would have to endure more suffering than they had to before the attempted euthanasia. If euthanasia were legalized the failure rate would cause unnecessary pain for all people involved. As for other methods of assisted suicide, such as a doctor prescribing medications with high dosages of depressants, the patient is not monitored throughout the process. This means there is no guarantee the patient will be successful. If a patient decides that after he or she has already started the euthanasia process he no longer wants to die, major side effects would occur, such as brain damage, and even forms of cancer in some situations (Battin, Lipman). There is no way to assure failure will not happen. In conclusion, euthanasia should not be legalized for many reasons. There have been drastic advances in medicine, allowing doctors to cure those with chronic illnesses. Also, the decision making process of a patient facing euthanasia can be easily compromised. Additionally, there is major risk of abuse by families. There are many religious issues, too. Lastly, if done wrong, euthanasia can be ineffective, causing serious harm. Euthanasia in human beings should not be legalized. Works Cited 1.Andre, Clare and Manuel Velasquez, Assisted Suicide: A Right or Wrong? scu.edu. Santa Clara University, 2010. Web. Dec. 7, 2012 2.Battin, Margaret P., Arthur G. Lipman, Drug Use in Assisted Suicide and Euthanasia. London, New York, Pharmaceutical Products Press, 1996. Web. 3.Blank, Robert H., Bonnickson, Andrea L., Medicine Unbound: The Human Body and the Limits of Medical Intervention. n.p, n.d. Web. 4.Boyko, Edward J., Attitudes Toward Assisted Suicide and Euthanasia Among Physicians in Washing State. nejm.org. New England Journal of Medicine, July 14, 1994. Web. Dec. 6, 2012 5.Declaration on Euthanasia. May 5, 1980. newadvent.org. New Advent Church.

Moral choice of Hamlet

Hamlet was the only son of the late King that was named too as Hamlet. His father was murdered when Hamlet was away from home. He had an uncle, a brother of his father, named Claudius and later married Hamlet’s mother named Gertrude. Since Hamlet’s father was murdered, it was Claudius who took over the palace and became a king. On the other, Hamlet had a girlfriend named Ophelia. Ophelia was dearly loved by Hamlet. But there were many obstacles and hindrances that tested their love as lovers. Ophelia’s father, Polonius, and brother, Laertes, had strongly disagreed with their affair. They even reprimanded Ophelia not to talk again with Hamlet due to the reason that it was not inappropriate for Hamlet and Ophelia to have a relationship because they both came from different world. Moreover, Hamlet was very depressed and sad when his father died. He really searched and did not stop in finding for the truth in order to have justice for his father’s death. Hamlet had an intuition that his uncle, King Claudius, was responsible for the death of his father but Hamlet did not have enough evidences to prove the said accusation. But since he was clever enough, Hamlet made a plan that surely helped him find out who was the master mind of the death of his father. Then he found out something from the plan he set. When he identified and discovered that it was King Claudius who was responsible for his father’s death, he started to set another plan on how to kill King Claudius as a revenge and retaliation to his uncle. This plan he set up made the people, especially his uncle and Ophelia, puzzled what made him like that and this plan was to act out as insane. Hamlet believed that this plan will be the best way to kill his uncle. Now, when Hamlet showed himself to Ophelia, the love of his life was very terrified and startled because she knew that Hamlet was going insane and she was afraid what Hamlet might do to her. Because of that, Ophelia was set by King Claudius and Polonius to be used in finding out on what were the causes and reasons why Hamlet was going crazy. They speculated that Hamlet was insane because he and Ophelia were not permitted to see each other. But when the time they’ve met, Hamlet continually acted out as insane and Ophelia was very sad and depress. So King Claudius and Polonius were very disturbed on what made Hamlet that way and the King assumed that there must be another reasons that made him insane. Furthermore, there was an incident that Hamlet and Ophelia went out to watch a dramaturgical performance and Hamlet acted again as insane because King Claudius was there and he thought it would be the time to verify and confirm Claudius’ contriteness in the killing of his father. That incident made Ophelia very humiliated. After that incident, Hamlet accidentally killed Ophelia’s father that result to Ophelia’s suicide by drowning herself in the riverbank. Hamlet’s morals: Hamlet’s heart was full of hatred and selfishness in such a way that due to his plan to revenge to his stepfather and an uncle at the same time, the lives of others were affected and destroyed. He only thinks for himself. It is not wrong to find out the truth but if you cause pain and hurts to other people in order to get your desired plan, then, that made it bad. Hamlet had good intentions in doing such plan because through that, he will be able to find justice for his father’s death. But the act itself in carrying such plan was morally wrong because he involved other people’s lives like Ophelia’s father that he killed because of his anger and that caused Ophelia’s depression and ended up killing her on life.

Karl Swindlehurst English Coursework Letter Home From Trenches Essay Example

Karl Swindlehurst English Coursework Letter Home From Trenches Essay Example Karl Swindlehurst English Coursework Letter Home From Trenches Essay Karl Swindlehurst English Coursework Letter Home From Trenches Essay Dear Josephine,I have not received any letters back from home today. In fact, now I come to think of it, its been almost two weeks since I have received anything from back home. Regardless, I still write back with high optimism that my family receive some of my letters. I hope that my mother and father are well. I dreamt about them last night. I could see them sleeping and wishing me a safe trip home. It frightens me to think I may die out here and them being totally oblivious still wishing me a safe trip home.Today is the day before we go over the top. Im dreading it, dying or making it through, either way its the thought of coming that close to death, treading over the decaying bodies or passing the wounded on the field of battle. Another terrifying thing is the step onto the creaky mud splattered ladders in which many men before me have used to their inevitable death. I cant help but think, why do we have to carry on fighting? We have lost a tremendous amount of men. It has now be come a slugging match and my thoughts are clouded about what we are actually fighting for. It is total lunacy, and really the inane tactics we are using are to suit the British officers pride. They arent beneficial to the war in any way.The weather has taken a turn for the worse today. The rain is unbearable its turning the trenches into large putrid bathing pools. The mud that lines the walls of the trenches is now sloppy and drips upon the men along side me. Some of the men so I have been told have drown in the mud, simply because they have been to weak to fight the muds grasp within these dreadful trenches . Its getting beyond belief now, I dont know if I can stand much more. I hate to admit it but the last few days I have been so terrified and upset that I have cried into the depths of my hands. I cant take these conditions before me any more. My feet ache, my boots are filled with thick mud and my jacket is saturated along with my lice ridden trousers.I consider myself lucky co mpared to some of the other men I have spoken to. Some have lost their socks, helmets and kit to the over whelming mud. I genuinely feel sorry for the men and more so their families, however I am in no position to help. I crave the day we all have a hot meal. Im grateful for the bully beef and biscuits we are given however, we really do need hot food. It would help so many of us, the cold really does get the better of you out here. The weather doesnt help me or my fellow comrades in times like these either every part of our bodies aches. My hands, my feet basically everything throbs with agonizing pain. My ears are terribly sore, from the constant drone of machine gun and shell fire.Some men, many of them I had spoken to have been killed or have been severely injured. Some of the men have been shot by officer command. They act totally out of character, panicking at the very slightest thing, running from the battle field this invariably sentenced them to a Court Marshall for cowardi ce personally I think this is going unrecognised, it maybe some kind of illness I dont know but many men are suffering from it and it frightens me to think that it may happen to me.As the night draws in now, so does my time. There are only a few hours left until I sleep, well of what I can call sleep. So I finish with a note of optimism that I am sure like the brave hearted men around me share. I am going to try my hardest, fight with courage and make it through this. If I do not make it through I hope the letters I have sent you, you cherish and always remember me by as I will in my heart always remember you .

Themes of Crhistian Faith Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Themes of Crhistian Faith - Essay Example lshtain judges the historical and modern events through the prism of religious and divine monism and promotes a view that only sovereignty of God can give societies a better sense of dignity, decency, and common sense. Elshtain’s book is a sustained examination, critique, and interpretation of monistic understanding of the sovereignty of God, states, and selves (227). The central thesis of the book claims that as a sovereign state is sovereign to God, so sovereign selves are to sovereign states (159). Elshtain’s book revolves around the topic of monistic religions, the finality of God’s religious word, and the conflict between individual autonomy and the power of religion. Elshtain discusses and evaluates the changes that have occurred to the current position of religion against the state: today, individuals seek to rely on individual judgments and no longer regard the word of God as the source of the ultimate truth. Elshtain refers to the case of Terry Schiavo to judge and condemn her family’s decision to let Terry die. Elshtain is confident that a truly theological state would not let family members kill Terry simply because she was causing them discomfort. Elshtain a sserts that Terry’s family members applied to the power of the state, state laws, and their autonomy to take the decisions that go against the will of God. Elshtain is confident that the shift of God’s sovereignty to the sovereignty of state marks the erosion of decency, dignity, and common sense in society and gives way to using others for the sake of personal comfort. The discussion of the bound and unbound state and self are among the central categories in Elshtain’s book. These categories reflect the two opposing dimensions of the moral theory and represent the two dramatically different aspects of philosophic and religious reasoning. The discussion of state-bound and self-bound categories must begin with the reference to the Biblical scriptures. In ACTS 5:29 we read: â€Å"Peter and

Report market sells product internationally Essay

Report market sells product internationally - Essay Example The report would also include an analysis of the market segments and the beer market in the nation. The report would also showcase the market entry strategies and a specific product mix for the new market and would also include an analysis of the integrated marketing communication and other market strategies for entering the market successfully. Finally a set of plausible recommendations would be prepared that would be framed on the basis of the study conducted in the course of research. The present era of business environment is largely stated by various circles as the age of turbulence and intense competition. The entry of globalisation has made the world turn into a boundary less structure with firms expanding beyond political and geographic boundaries to reach out to new markets. This has also triggered a wave of competition among the organizations to establish their organizations in the market. The present study would deal with the international expansion of a beer company in the UK market. The choice of the market assumes significance considering the presence of a strong demand and favourable future opportunities in the nation. Background According to a report published by Nielsen the total beer industry in UK is valued at 3.48 billion pounds with volumes expected to be around 18.7 million hl. This shows a considerable scope for business in the market. However the market is also characterised by intense levels of competition as the market is dotted with a large number of players with highly established brand image and formidable brand positioning (Nielsen, 2009, p.6). Aim The main aim of this study would be to frame a business report that would try to uncover the business potential of UK as a beer market. The report would try to analyse the business market of the nation and would frame up a market entry plan that would also include formulating a product mix specifically designed for the UK market. The report would also cover the aspect of positioning and integrated marketing communication as well as an entry strategy for the company in the UK market. Scope The business report would analyse the business attractiveness of a new market in the context of the beer market in UK. The report would analyse the appropriateness in choosing the UK market as a destination for investment for foreign market players in the beer industry. Country Information Geographies UK is one of the most developed economies of the world with its importance being that of one of the pioneer nations of the industrial revolution. Geographically the nation is located in Western Europe with a total area of 243,610 square kilometres. The nation has a long coastline in the Atlantic Ocean that serves as its sea link with the USA. London the capital city of the nation is also known as the commercial and financial hubs of the world with