Additionally, In His Book “Distinction,” Bourdieu Discusses

Additionally, in his book â€Å"Distinction,† Bourdieu discusses cultural capital and the way people use classes of classifications while classifying one another. As habitus, fields and cultural capital develop distinct of different class factions within social spaces, of the â€Å"sacred† sphere of culture that legitimates social order. Therefore, people undoubtedly know their place within society as well quickly identify other individuals who are within their class are other factions of society that are not parts of the upper class via their pretentious actions. (p. 6-7). According to Bourdieu, Class â€Å"is not defined by real property† but is determined by the structure of relations between values art, social graces and other resources, that the†¦show more content†¦Chakrabarty Vs. Gramsci: In his book â€Å"Provincializing Europe: Postcolonial Thought and Historical Difference† author Dipesh Chakrabarty not totalizing as he feels it is impor tant that the race, history, and practices of different localities disrupt the totalizing thrust of capitalism. Postcolonial thought and ideologies via â€Å"Totalizing† history as only a European experience and development of capitalism does not allow for human diversity and does not acknowledge that various cultural histories are part of and continue to modify current history. Thus, one must also incorporate the subjective human experience of other races and cultures into history and the development of capitalism and vice versa (p.22). In chapter two of â€Å"Provincializing Europe,† Chakrabarty recognizes the diversity of human experience and describes the experiences of political modernity in India and other races as different from Eurocentric experience. He asserts we must question â€Å"historicism† as an idea thus suggesting that to â€Å"understand anything it has to be understood as a whole via its historical development† (6). Thus, the totalizin g theory makes society blind to how local knowledge, different races, and cultures are essential in the development of history. Developing a distinction Marx made between the two kinds of history, Chakrabarty says History 1 is defined as the history of capitalism,

The Post Human Architectural Body Free Essays

string(116) " is precisely where the Post human organic structure comes into treatment, as the following measure of development\." The PostHuman Architectural Body Visible Hope for the Invisible Re-birth This pronunciamento is a verbal articulation of the airy theory of how the human organic structure, architecture, and creativeness define and prolong one another: It’s an analysis of this radical work by creative persons and designers who want to show the inter-connectedness of advanced architectural design, the poetic procedure, and their philosophical enquiry. It’s the relationship between architecture and the human organic structure. It’s the development of the analogy of the human organic structure and its extrapolation. We will write a custom essay sample on The Post Human Architectural Body or any similar topic only for you Order Now By prosecuting with the station homo we are constructing on the cardinal measure based on architecture and theory, we are making this analogy between the human organic structure and the architectural being. Some may inquire â€Å"Why is the human organic structure so of import as a mention and a criterion for architecture? † Because the human organic structure it is meant to be a creative activity coming out of imitation of God. The perfect proportions and dimensions should be the contemplation of God’s perfectionism. Perfection of creative activity, flawlessness of nature. Worlds aim is to go such a Godhead as good, as perfect, as God. We might no longer mention to god when it comes to the human organic structure, and at the same clip the architectural organic structure itself, but we still refer to nature, because seemingly worlds can non make something from abrasion, so we use nature, as we still believe that there is batch to larn from naturel. To understand the mechanics of nature, how flowers, organic structures, animate beings work. Nature is still there for us as a large criterion for us to copy to imitate, to larn from, ever through scientific find. Even though th e concluding purpose as human existences is to get the better of nature, we ever base what we do or larn upon nature. We start from this analogy, from the flawlessness of the organic structure as an being and hence the flawlessness of architecture as a contemplation of this relationship to discourse how this relationship is disrupted. In the first topographic point because of the organic structure is disrupted through something occurrence, in this instance through technology’s abuse and maltreatment. What it implied in this undertaking is that in first topographic point the merchandise from now on is non good. Although the thought was that engineering was supposed to supply a merchandise that’s perfect, now we come to see that it’s non. We deconstructed the thought of advancement to see what is incorrect with this advancement. How advancement is impacting back the flawlessness of the organic structure or is impacting back this analogy of the organic structure and architecture? The â€Å"Post human† is about this analysis. Deconstructing the thought of ruling the universe through the thought of eternal additive patterned advance towards the hereafter, because it’s already change by reversaling upon itself. Puting into inquiry even the really rudimentss in architecture which is the analogy of the organic structure. The edifice is supposed to be a perfect integrating of circulation and map. If we are non perfect so why should we construct perfect edifices, perfect universes, for what? For perfect human existences that DO NOT exists? Possibly we need an imperfect universe to suit the imperfectness of what we going to be. These are the philosophical deductions discussed, researched and analyzed within this thesis undertaking. A cogent evidence that architecture is non merely a precipitate of applications taken from another field, but an rational subject look intoing the really kernel of human existences. Who we are, what we will go. Thehistory of architecturetraces the alterations inarchitecturethrough assorted traditions, parts, overarching stylistic tendencies, and day of the months. Time periods and manners flow together, sometimes unifying contradictory thoughts, sometimes contriving new attacks, and frequently re-awakening and re-inventing older motions. Dates are ever approximative: Architecture is a unstable art. Analyzing architecture requires a comprehensive position of the edifice, which is analyzing its historical, spiritual, societal, and functional facets ; for beyond utile intents the building of edifices reflects the scientific, spiritual, societal and philosophical worldview of each period. This is merely an branch of the doctrine of the times, which believed that scientific discipline would repair all the wrongs of the universe. The modern motion celebrated these new engineerings, stressing the simpleness, efficiency and velocity of them. There is ever more information about modern-day civilizations and architectural manners than historical 1s, nevertheless, without critical clip to distance oneself from the present province of personal businesss it is ever difficult to state what the nature of the present truly is. As such, it is of import to maintain an unfastened head – peculiarly about recent developments – and ever see the possibility of radically different hereafter positions. A repetition phenomenon in the history of architecture every bit good as in the history of art is the oscillation between antonyms: betweenrationalismand emotion, the imitation of nature and its absence, ornament andpure signifiers. The intent is to interrupt the built-in structural association among degrees of senses in the organic structure, to foreground the basic function of â€Å" organic structure † in acknowledgment of the universe, and to supply a theoretical footing for the displacement of focal point in architecture from the anomic position of pure ocular public presentation to human organic structure ‘s experiences. Furthermore, it besides opens up a new skyline for the invention with mention to the organic structure ‘s experiences and alterations. This normative organic structure is non an ideal organic structure based on T aesthetic merely values as it does non qualify anybody’s specific organic structure but to a certain extent composes an unapproachable province of regularity. Architecture it is measured within the instant frame of human patterned advance and, it is designed in order to pull strings such an development. In fact, the normative doctrine by taking an idyllic organic structure as an illustration, opposes the thought of the human development. This is precisely where the Post human organic structure comes into treatment, as the following measure of development. You read "The Post Human Architectural Body" in category "Essay examples" Posthuman epoch is already upon us, we are cyborgs: â€Å"not in the simply superficial sense of uniting flesh and wires, but in the more profound sense of being human-technology symbiots: thought and concluding systems whose heads and egos are spread across biological encephalon and non-biological systems† we will co-evolutionate in a future to a great extent populated with unreal agents. We are on a way to altering our genome in profound ways. Extreme human sweetening could ensue in â€Å"posthuman† manners of being. Posthumanism chiefly differentiates from classical humanitarianism in that it restores the stature that had been made of humanity to one of many natural species. Harmonizing to this claim, worlds have no built-in rights to destruct nature or put themselves above it in ethical considerations a priori. Human cognition is besides reduced to a less controlling place, antecedently seen as the specifying facet of the universe. The restrictions and fallibility of human intelligence are confessed, even though it does non connote abandoning the rational tradition of humanitarianism. Posthumanism has a much stronger critical border trying to develop through enactment new apprehensions of the ego and other, kernel, consciousness, intelligence, ground, bureau, familiarity, life, incarnation, individuality and the organic structure. The undertaking seeks to inquiry and research the function of the physical built environment as we move towards what is likely to go an progressively non-physical age. The undertaking explores the relationship between our architectural environments and the dichotomy of the head and organic structure that experiences them ; a inquiry which is peculiarly pertinent in the current epoch where we already inhabit multiple worlds and project our sense of ego into practical environments ; busying multiple locations at the same time through disembodied presence. The end is making a new and better universe through a centrally imposed vision. The human desire to get new capacities is every bit ancient as our species itself. We have ever sought to spread out the boundaries of our being, be it socially, geographically, or mentally. There is a inclination in at least some persons ever to seek for a manner around every obstruction and restriction to human life and felicity. The architecture that we besides consume in a province of indifference, seldom gives us such esthesiss. We therefore need to bring forth a sort of architecture that forces us non much to look up to it from afar, but instead to be engaged with our organic structures, with all our senses. It could, by ask foring us to allow us travel, take our breath off, ensnare us, and drama with our emotions. More significantly, architecture demands to dispute those who approach the architectural object and are about to entree it non merely through their sight, at a distance, but with their ain organic structure. In the postwar epoch, many optimistic futurists who had become leery of jointly orchestrated societal alteration found a new place for their hopes in scientific and technological advancement. Space travel, medical specialty, and computing machines seemed to offer a way to a better universe. The displacement of attending besides reflected the breathtaking gait of development in these Fieldss. Science had begun to catch up with guess. Writers such as Arthur C. Clarke, Isaac Asimov, Robert Heinlein, and Stanislaw Lem explored how technological development could come to deeply change the human status. Although presently a scientific discipline fiction, we – the human race – are on the cusp of human familial technology. Worlds have altered the genomes of species for 1000s of old ages through unreal choice. Over the past 40 old ages scientists have made astonishing technological advancement to better nature’s harvests and mammals through familial alterations ; but at the same clip the opposite occurred every bit good. This engineering did non merely improved the human race but made it worst or made it different, alteration it To modify nature is our nature. In believing through the development of the undertaking I set up a narrative that ties into future aspirations of the metropolis [ Kiev ] , post-human hereafters, and biotechnical amalgamations. The undertaking is trying to accomplish an architecture which would put on climaxing from the amalgamation of biological science and engineering where body/building and biology/technology prostration. Following the development of the staging and the procedures which would take to its building, the programmatic variety meats will be discussed in more item every bit good as its relationship to the human and ecology. The site becomes a dataspace as information within the bing context near the site is recorded and processed leting simulations to be projected in real-time through the ambiance. The site chosen is Kiev-Ukraine, a site with a strong yesteryear, a site that is presently traveling through war, a site which suffered a batch but still manages to maintain its beauty through its agony. The thought is to go to the hereafter. By holding Post-humanism as methodological analysis and construct, I researched and analyzed a site that experienced radiation onslaughts ( Chernobyl ) and War. How the site got over all these and how it looks now ( even how it will in the hereafter ) with the influence of post-humanity and trans-humanism, but most significantly with the influence of human/technology breaks. As human existences drew farther off from the physical they dropped out for a digitally enhanced being. Bodies become non bred but built. Organs, limbs, and memories all replaced, manipulated and hijacked as they faded. A post-human being will be created as organic structure and civilization no longer are recognizable from their ascendant opposite numbers. As human life is prolonged through the replacing of neglecting organic structure parts, alteration is non optional. Peoples begin to populate above the one time vivacious metropoliss in cods that grew like viruses across the metropolis to maintain up with the demand of those willingly stop uping into a web where they could experience a greater connexion with the multitudes plugged in. My work trades with the Ukrainian human status throughout the epoch of my site and the hunt for the roots of what changes the human status in every human being that lived at that place. To understand that alteration, I had to understand what causes it and accept it. The Post-human Body undertaking starts with one of the smallest elements of the human organic structure ; its Deoxyribonucleic acid and in the concluding chapter it reaches the infinite alteration. I progressively felt like a scientist gazing through his microscope, whizzing in closer and closer to bring out the truth and to understand it. This undertaking is sub-divided into 5 chapters. As mentioned above, the first chapter focuses on the Deoxyribonucleic acid and its familial memory. The latter is linked to our hereditary memory. The experiences and memories of our ascendants are hidden in our Deoxyribonucleic acid and now and so they surface in our dreams and real-life minutes. The 2nd chapter focuses on the great metabolisms. Throughout our lives, from the really get downing until we die, we are exposed to exterior influences that continuously shape us into the human existences we are. Choice is an of import factor here, as we can make up one’s mind what is good or evil, o n what we expose ourselves and what non ( mentally and physically ) , but our milieus can act upon us and our judgement greatly so the boundary between the two becomes diffuse. The following subdivision, chapter 3, has more focal point on the organic structure as a whole than on its Deoxyribonucleic acid. Basically our physical and mental signifiers are two separate universes that merge in this world. Our organic structures are nil more than bubbles of tegument, musculus, bone, variety meats, blood, DNA, etc. Chapter 3 purposes to research profoundly the organic structure from a bantam cell to the whole mass that makes it a organic structure. The 4th chapter focuses on society and faith. Society plays a major function in how we see world and it transforms and shifts the boundary between alterations in the universe and environment we live within every bit good as frequently overcasting our judgement. Greed and control of the multitudes are evidently powerful enticements. But â€Å" alteration † is non ever acceptable by our society and the faith. What makes an visual aspect, a fragment psyche or organic structure, a changed homo being – accepta ble in a society! Who identifies and controls what the word â€Å" Acceptable † stands for. And in conclusion, in the fifth and concluding chapter, we view the hereafter of the human signifier, from outer infinite. Here I strive to go forth the earthly signifier behind and visualise transcendency into something more abstract and beyond human. Making the new â€Å" alteration † and taking it a measure frontward, for the new universe that is about to populate, for the new universe that needs to accept the new changed beauty. 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Leadership Research and Leadership Studies †MyAssignmenthelp.com

Question: Discuss about the Leadership Research and Leadership Studies. Answer: Introduction Amazon.com, Inc. is a company that deals in electronic business and cloud computing. It was founded in July 1994 by Jeff Bezos. The company is based in The USA, Seatale, Washington DC. Amazon is a tech giant and by market capitalization and revenue, it is the top internet retailer and in terms of overall sales, it is second with Alibaba toping. Its online website started as a bookstore but currently it has been diversifie to selling electronics, furniture, jewellery, food stuffs, audio, video and sofwares etc. Under its brand Amazon basics, it also deals in products that are low-ends. By the end of 2014, the online shopping company had 566, 000 employees. According to Carr (2017), mission statements should push organizations/ companies to accomplish their desired success in business. The business success is accredited to the mission and vision statements. Its mission statement and vision is to be earth's most customer-centric company; to build a place where people can come to find an d discover anything they might want to buy online. An organizations success should be contributed to their resolute obligation and consistent execution of their mission and vision. An organizations value guides the organization actions and their perspectives and in turn guides and aids in describing its culture and beliefs (Jagelman, 2005). Values assist in confronting issues or problems. Amazons have values which also double up as their principles. These include; Customer obsession, Ownership, Hire and develop the best, Think big, Invent and simplify, Frugality, Bias for action, Dive deep, Vocal self-critical, Insist on the highest standards, ackbone and Deliver Results. Through putting down values, Amazon lays out its various expectations for its members. Organisations culture are the organizations underlying values, beliefs and assumptions that contributes to their distinct psychological and social work environment (Ovide, 2018). Amazon has pride in its organization having a reputation of working hard. According to DuBrin et. al, (2005), notes that Amazon has a culture that works incredibly hard. Their expectations and standards are described from their phrase unreasonably high. Change Initiative Change in businesses or organizations advances through little and imperceptible movement. Carr (2017) notes that in firms is normally in nature, change is evolutionary until it reaches a crisis moment that results into a paradigm shift. It is sometimes vital to push the evolutionary process to be able to go for extra rapid change. Change in dysfunctional cultures is an uphill task since its is not easily accepted and thats where good leadership should be incorporated. Organizations that have their leaders adjust to environmental change at the end survive and flourish just like Amazon.com, Inc. The leaders at Amazon have been in a position to change online shopping models due to change in competition and business environment. The leaders at the organization jolted the process of evolutionary change. Ovide (2017) asserts that change is a toll for adjusting to survival. Amazon launched as in 1994 as a model for selling books, through their leaders the company took an approach and identified their customers needs. They worked in a backward manner to to employ new ways to distribute their products and services.Such changes philosophy was based on listening to their customers will lead to failure and not listening will achieve similar results. To respond to changing environment, the company founded a strategy of selling their merchandize over the internet through external networks. They intern converted their competitors into partners who have aided them increasing their customer base via extended product lines Carr (2017). The change for Amazon seemed easy and was aided by a number of factors which include the organizations culture being open to change and the online shopping model was radical. For amazon, the market have responded kindly. To achieve results to nge initiative, the organizations leaders need to manage employee responses, sell change right and use emotional contagion Ovide (2017). Leadership styles and philosophies Jeff Bezo the founder of Amazon.com, Inc relevance in business has been forged through his transformational leadership. Transformational leadership entails instigating change in organizations or firms or businesses, oneself and others (Yi-Feng, 2011). Such leaders always motivate others to go an extra mile than they intended and thought was possible. Such leaders set expectations that are challenging but accomplish a higher performance at the end. Bezos leadership is believed to have followers who are satisfied and committed because such leaders majorly empower their followers. Through Amazons growth it is evident that the leader have abilities of inspiring, envisioning and innovating. The three metrics of transformational leaders are, core repositioning, financial performance and net growth (Miska Mendenhall, 2018). Through core repositioning, organizations in new growth businesses. Amazon has been able to increase its platforms in retails into new categories such as streaming content and food. In net growth, it has been fruitful in creating new products, services and business models. Through financial performance, it has improved its profit growth. At Amazon apart from transformational leadership, other leadership styles are depicted especially from the founder Jeff Bezo. Autocratic leadership is portrayed since in most cases the founder monitors different operations/ activities on his own. Autocratic leadership is focused on the boss who holds all authority and responsibility according to (Bryant, 2017). He also posses strategic leadership as he has delivered exceptional strategies that has made the business to be successful. Team leadership style is also painted because he is in a position to give direction and purpose for the business. Team leadership entailed in the organizations vision that provides a vivid sense of purpose plus direction Being a leader in todays fast-paced business world and workplace have extra demands. It entails working with varied teams at times from different locations and time zones. Ospina (2017) points out that, while there are numerous leadership styles, those who are best share common traits. Organizations that have proved to be sustainable and successful have their leader having traits of a successful and powerful leader. At Amazon the key leader Bezo posseses a number of leadership traits. Innovative mind is one of them in that he has been capable of developing a largely renowned e-commerce website. Bezos innovative skills has proved that he is angry of always developing new things like Kindle an E-book device. Gyanchandani (2017) points out that leaders must encourage creativity through encouraging risk experimentation. The leader is also strategically patient but also defensively impatient which is seen in the organizations vision and through the phases the organization has undergone from startup to the current state. Building a team is an effective trait where by the leader admits that it is challenging to invent in the absence of underlying tools. Leaders effectiveness in attending to tasks and relationships Businesses that have been successful have had their leaders having leadership traits of successful and influential leaders. There is also discussion on leadership in the organization creating and maintaining their vision, and their effectiveness in managing conducive environment during the change process. Accomplishing success at the organization, the leaders highlighted how to use suitable tools and techniques to flourish. Human skills enable the use of knowledge and ability to work with various individuals and being aware of their perspectives to accomplish organizations vision. Promoting teamwork is vital to achieving organizational goals, effective communication and nurturing innovation. Perserverance through adversities is a trait that leaders at Amazon posses due to commitment to the organizations vision. The organization has faced challenges and their coonvictions have shown to be great e.g. Bezo noted that he had lost billions of dollar sin projects that failed. Bezo is a risk taker in that through making up his mind to start Amazon, he didnt have sufficient funds and new that there were chances of failing but he persevered and today the organization is among the most successful businesses. Jackson (2017) denotes that best leaders not only are risk takers and have confidence and when challenged, their possibility of giving in is close to impossible. Leaders who come up with the organizations vision always exhibit qualities that make them have the capability of creating and communicating the vision. Vision created should be inclusive to be able to unify their customers. Amazons vision is inclusive in that it targets building platform where its customers find or discover what they need online. The leaders were also able to create a vision that has clarity. Making visions that are easily understood is significant in promoting the organizations brand which reflects in its success. Having a clear vision for the future in a business, distinguishing and being able to take advantage of market opportunities and establishing strong leadership enables it to be upheld (Hoch, 203). Companies that have been successful have had their success attributed to innovation and upholding their vision. At Amazon, the leadership has been capable of maintaining the organizations vision in a number of ways. The company focuses on their customers through innovation and thinking big and thats where there effort is placed. Through stating that they are customer centric indicated that their main focus are their customers through solving customers problems and meeting their need. Cooper, Nieberding and Wanek (2013) demote that the better an organization,s customer service, the better the sales through customer loyalty. The company through their vision build their cutomers an electronic soulmate on their goal of tailored product recommendations. Maintenance of trust, confidence, ethical and legal behaviours Transformational leadership depicted at Amazon entails transformational leadership principles such as motivation, determination, mobilization, innovation and facilitation. In amazons innovations since its foundation has been consistent due to trust that they incorporate in their innovations. Confidence must go on par with risk during innovations which involves a lot of experimenting (Bligh, Pearce, and Kohles, 2006). Transformational leadership metrics such as net growth and core repositioning as noted by Jung and Valero (2015), requires ethics and trust for the metrics to be visible. Amazon has enjoyed the fruits of success through its evolution, which has been due to its strategic leadership style. The exclusive strategies are attained through their employees having trust in their employer. Their customers develop confidence in the products due to the strategic leadership employed. Through strategic leadership, the organization has a policy against discrimination and harassment. Am azon provides equal opportunities in all employment aspects and doesnt allow harassment or discrimination of its employees. Such organizations conducts entails ethics which are achieved through proper leadership. Amazon also posses autocratic leadership where most decisions are made at the top leadership, Amazon acquired Whole foods. This brought it into an interesting problem in the USA antitrust law. It portrays both legal and ethical conducts in its leadership styles. While change is inevitable, various organizations handle it differently and institutions that involves one person, barriers to change normally arise. The organisations employees will act differently to change as some are enthusiastic and will embrace it, others are fearful and most likely will resist (Suk Bong, Kihwan Seung-Wan, 2017). Employee involvement is significant in dealing with barriers to change. It should also include employee den making in order to make them feel valued and have possession in the change result. It is a method that averts too much feedback after change which might cause paralysis. Excellent leadership is required I handling change. Avolio (2014) asserts that excellent leadership on how to execute plans appropriately and good leaders provide focus and motivate for the change. Effective communication also prevent change barriers. It assists in initiating acceptance among the employees and customers. As much as employees need to know bout the change, they al so should be aware of its effects. The organization can ensure that their processes arent complex to make planning and implementation processes easier. Organizatinion complexity can be broken by utilizing a highly effective, quality and diligent change and project management approach. Working in small doses aids in managing change barriers because it doesnt overload employees with instant changes. It makes them focus on easy and digestable chunks knowing that more is on the way. Conflict arises in organization due to change and it is inevitable and in most cases employees or customers are never prepared to handle it. It takes careful strategies to ensure that the impact is not felt or barred completely. Conflicts can easily be dealt with by getting to its root issue, considering all, the parties that are involved and having those involved create a resolution protocol. Handling one issue at a time, timing the conflict and avoiding it also is important. Leaders effectiveness in establishing and maintaining a constructive climate through change process Taking market leadership risks creates conducive environment for the change process. It is in this line that it took Amazon.com, Inc to get its core business transactions from where it was to its current status. At first the company tried Amazon auctions, it then changed to zShops and finally to Amazon Market place. Kohn and OConnel (2007) denotes that invention and failure cant be separated and invention involves experimentation which entails taking risks and good leadership. When employees are made to think like the business owners, then it creates a motivating climate in the work environment. Amazons leadership has been able to attract and retain employees who are motivated and its bonuses and profit sharing enable workers contribute in the companys success. The leadership at the organization has created a culture that is right for the company. The organization never claims hat an approach that they come up with is theirs. A company must not be about a set of goals, but be able to decide on what matters or projects are important be able to repeat them. They should also ensure that employees and customers buys in the important projects or matters. Leaders avoiding bureaucracy create conducive environment through change by empowering people.Comtinuous empowerment results into averting bureaucracy as pointed out by Cole (2012), and to keep innovating, power should be pushed down in the organization. Conclusion Amazon.com, Inc leadership has brought it great success through online shopping idea. Through their leadership skills, the leaders at the organization have used their knowledge and competencies to achieve the organizations vision. Amazons founder Bezo over the years have been able to understand their customers needs. Its with the understanding the top leadership that it has been in a position to transform the organization to focus on its customers needs. Success at the company is attributed to essential leadership skills which include technical kills,conceptual skills and human kills. Bezos clearly highlighted how to use suitable tools and techniques to flourish. Human skills enable use of knowledge and ability to work with various individuals and being aware of their perspectives. Most of the leaders skills were ability to use concepts and skills to work that are key in creating a strategic plan and vision for the organization. The leadership from the organization have high expectat ion from their employees. This has created a more so efficient machine that is capable of making same day deliveries across USA and other parts of the globe. The leadership has a belief that customer is the king making them to centre they focus on what their customers need or what they arent in need of. It is important to note that , effective leaders impact their business effectiveness by inspiring and motivating their workforce. Employees who are loyal and committed expect provision of clear vision from their leadership. References Avolio, B. J. (2014). Examining leadership and organizational behavior across the boundaries of science.Consulting Psychology Journal: Practice And Research,66(4), 288-292. doi:10.1037/cpb0000017 Bligh, M. C., Pearce, C. L., Kohles, J. C. (2006). The importance of self- and shared leadership in team based knowledge work: A meso-level model of leadership dynamics. Journal of Managerial Psychology, 21, 296318. Bryant, A. (2017). The Business of Leadership.Camping Magazine,90(1), 30-33. Carr, A. (2017). The Future Of Retail In The Age Of Amazon.Fast Company, (221), 94-114. Cole, L. (2012). Management: Theory and practice (5e). NSW, Australia. Pearson Australia. Cooper, S. E., Nieberding, A. O., Wanek, R. A. (2013). Successfully restructuring an executive leadership team: A case study in change management.Consulting Psychology Journal: Practice And Research,65(2), 164-175. doi:10.1037/a0033610 DuBrin, A.J, Dalglish, C., Miller, P. (2005) leadership: Secoond Asia Pacific Edition. QLD. John Wiley Sons Australia, Ltd. Gyanchandani, R. (2017). The Effect of Transformational Leadership Style on Team Performance in IT Sector.IUP Journal Of Soft Skills,11(3), 29-44. Hoch, J. E. (2013). Shared leadership and innovation: The role of vertical leadership and employee integrity. Journal of Business and Psychology, 28, 159174. Jackson, T. (2017). Review of Becoming a strategic leader.The Psychologist-Manager Journal,20(4), 288-294. doi:10.1037/mgr0000062 Jagelman, I. (2005). The L factor: Identifying and developing Christian leaders. Cambridge. Open Book Publishers. Jung, K., Valero, J. N. (2015). Understanding and Meeting the Needs of Those Whom They Lead.Public Administration Review,75(5), 773-775. doi:10.1111/puar.12427 Kohn, S., OConnel, V. (2007). 6 habits of high effective teams. New Jersy. Career Press. Miska, C. C., Mendenhall, M. M. (2018). Responsible Leadership: A Mapping of Extant Research and Future Directions.Journal Of Business Ethics,148(1), 117-134. Ospina, S. M. (2017). Collective Leadership and Context in Public Administration: Bridging Public Leadership Research and Leadership Studies.Public Administration Review,77(2), 275-287. Ovide, S. (2018). Amazon's Bottomless Appetite.Bloomberg Businessweek, (4562), 50-53. Suk Bong, C., Kihwan, K., Seung-Wan, K. (2017). Effects Of Transformational And Shared Leadership Styles On Employees' Perception Of Team Effectiveness.Social Behavior Personality: An International Journal,45(3), 377-386. Yi-Feng, Y. (2011). Leadership And Change Commitment In The Life Insurance Service Context In Taiwan: The Mediating-Moderating Role Of Job Satisfaction.Perceptual Motor Skills,112(3), 889-914.